Order: Pyrenulales       Family: Pyrenulaceae Species: Pyrenula dermatodes Growth type crustose. Photos: On Holly. Co. Cork and Co. Kerry, SW Ireland. Thallus yellow-green to rusty-orange, superficial, continuous, finely cracked or areolate. Immersed perithecia form very low projections with only grey ostiole visible from above, sometimes exposed with black disc visible. Pseudocyphellae absent. Spores 3-septate, 14-19 x 6.5-7.5(-8.5) µm. Curved conidia, c. 15 µm. Thallus K+ orange-red (patchy), C-, KC-, P-, UV+ yellow-orange Usually on smooth-barked trees including Holly, Hazel, Rowan and Beech, rare on shaded siliceous rocks. Can be locally frequent in SW Ireland, range extending up the west coast to Co. Donegal. Also found in N Scotland but not recorded from elsewhere in Europe.

Photo immediately above: Pyrenula dermatodes. November 2009, May 2012